Ramadan: Beyond Thirst and Hunger

Every year in the month of Ramadan, especially among a growing number of Muslim American households, Ramadan iftar parties have become an attractive event. With several different types of snacks and a lavish number of main entrees, the parties offer a spectacle of affluence, extravagance, and luxury. Why should it not be like this? After all, we are told that if you help a Muslim break his fast, you get huge rewards from Allah. So, all these parties and functions are for Allah as commanded by His prophet. Our reward increases with the presence of a Sheikh and probably with the increase in the number of dishes. 

But wait a minute? Most, I mean all, of the people who come to these parties are people who are well off, affluent and can easily afford to offer meals to others. Didn't the Prophet advise us to focus on those who are less affluent and less fortunate? Didn't Allah want the resourceful people to share their fortune with other less resourceful? Probably, Allah and His messenger might have meant that. But when we invite ordinary people who are not of our status and our class, we usually compromise our positions in the community. How can we, the affluent and less affluent be equal? We worked hard to earn what we have. We are entitled to enjoy the way we want to enjoy. Moreover, they are not aware of the etiquettes behaving in the company of the affluent.

This is how Ramadan is celebrated in some of the Muslim homes who have been endowed with resources. In our Mosques, depending on their size, the situation is different. Huge expenses are incurred by individuals and the management for iftar and meals. Many people justify these expenses, saying that Ramadan creates the spirit of brother and sisterhood and brings the entire community together. True! People feel rejuvenated and feel the spirit of the month by coming to the Mosque in large numbers, yet the resources that are spent could probably be used better. What if Mosques offer simple milk, water and dates for iftar and individual families bring extra food to share with those who are unable to afford it? It would require some organization and some serious efforts on the part of the management and families, but it would definitely create stronger solidarity. Rather than throwing lavish food, parties at the Mosque, if we follow simplicity and offer nutritious food supervised by nutrition experts, probably, we would utilize our resources better.

We do not have to wait for the entire community to have a consensus on these issues. Those who feel that such practices are genuine should follow them.

Let us look at the positive aspects of the month of Ramadan. For an entire month, we live in an environment where we are conscious of our creator every second, regardless of where we are, provided we are fasting or aware of the importance of fasting. It is a month where we can train ourselves in some of our behavioral aspects.

Some of our scholars remind us that we should focus on offering extra prayers and extra reading of the Quran. But in addition to these, there are two other aspects that were part of Prophet's behavior, yet ignored sometimes.

The prophet was very generous this month and he spent long hours seeking the protection and forgiveness of Allah. Obviously, the Prophet taught us that the month should be used to evaluate our own behavior and attitude towards ourselves and others and seek protection in the guidance of Allah. In other words, besides being generous, he taught us to ensure that we control our anger, egos, arrogance, and show humility, politeness, kindness, and forgiveness to others.

Fasting demonstrates our ability not only to conquer hunger, but also our capacity to control psychological aspects of our behavior, such as our reaction to things that we dislike. If we learned how to tame our ego, everything that we do will multiply in reward in our life and if we fail, then regardless of the number of nightly prayers and extra reading of the Quran, our fasting would not go beyond an exercise in controlling our hunger.

Here are a few suggestions that we can try to incorporate in our daily Ramadan and beyond.

We should:

• ... Not react immediately if we dislike anything. Rather, we would take time and try to respond in a calm and polite manner.
• ... Ignore those useless talks that serve no purpose.
• ... Ensure that we do not indulge in backbiting or demeaning anyone.
• ... Ensure that we show kindness to youngsters and respect to elders.
• ... Do not focus on food and consume things that are not nutritious because of Allah asks to be mindful of our health also.
• ... Control our anger, egos, arrogance, and trash-talking. 
• ... Do not hurt anyone and if we cross our limits, we would immediately apologize.
• ... Maintain quietness most of the time.
• ... Greet everyone with a sweet smile.
• ... Visit the mosque with our family at least once a week if possible. 
• ... Give our children a feel of Taraweeh prayers by praying with them this nightly prayer.
• ... Invite the poor and the needy families to our homes at least once in the month of Ramadan to honor them. 
• ... Be generous in sharing our resources to the poor and the neglected.
• ... Try to read the Quran with translation and understanding if we do not know Arabic and with reflections if we know Arabic.
• ... Spend some time alone to observe prayers and recite the Quran and reflect on our life.
• ... Focus on some of the suras of the Quran so that we could either memorize them or understand them in depth. 
• ... Invite some non-Muslim neighbors or colleagues to our homes to share the Ramadan spirit at Iftar time.
• ... Give the Zakat ul Fitr so that the money could be distributed in an organized manner to the poor and the needy. 
• ... Ensure that not a single prayer is delayed.
• ... Give one book on Islam to anyone who wants to learn more about Islam.
• ... Hug our children, our parents, and our dearest ones, to thank them for their presence in our lives and to remind ourselves of the importance of family.
• ... Ignore the minor or major behavioral issues of people and treat them with patience.
• ... Ensure that we would not visit internet sites that are provocative, or that promote immorality. 
• ... Help our spouses in home chores and avoid criticizing them for their mistakes.
• ... Always remember that all that we are doing is to fulfill our obligations to our Creator who seeks our well being in this life and the life hereafter.

A Tribute to My Father: Muhammad Muslim

Maulana Muhammad Muslim Saheb was one of the founders of Majlis-e-Mushawarat (the apex consultative body of Muslims) in India. He was a member of the Jamaat Islami's Shura Council for more than 3 decades and former editor of the Daily Dawat.  Here are my personal reflections on his life
By Dr. Aslam Abdullah
There were days when we did not have enough food to feed ourselves and he would advise us to learn how to live within means. There were occasions when he would ask us to donate the monetary gifts we received during Eid celebrations to the needy and the poor we never knew. There were times when he would buy us second-hand clothes from the flea market while wearing a Sherwani (long jacket) without a shirt,  because he had given that to someone he found shirtless in the streets. There were moments when we saw him giving a helping hand to a mehter (janitor) carrying human waste. There were also days when we saw him fasting for days because the food he would consume might serve his children or even guests. There were nights when he would ask us to sleep on the footpath out in the streets because there were homeless elders or children and women who had nowhere to go and they had to be accommodated in our home.
In our young and tender age, these images were imprinted in our minds but we did not know why he was doing what he was doing.
There were recollections when we saw him standing up late at night praying alone crying. There were mornings when we saw him focusing on a page of the Quran gazing at the horizon for hours not even responding to our questions. There were hours when we saw him waking up in the middle of the night writing on a piece of paper.
We observed all this, but we were unable to understand why he was doing what he was doing?
There were also times when we watched him go alone risking his life to pacify mobs that were advancing to Muslim homes to destroy them during Hindu-Muslim riots. There were occasions when we saw from the roof of our home his efforts on persuading angry Muslim mobs to spare the lives of Hindus who were living in our neighborhood. We knew what he was doing, but we did not understand why.
There were times when he would not return home for several days or months and years and we would not know where he was only to discover later that he was in prison for days or months or years of writing something that was objectionable to the authorities who had accused him of defying them.
But, we also saw him totally submissive and quiet when his elder brother would admonish him or yell at him for not informing him of the financial strains our household had gone through. He would smile and politely refuse any monetary support his own elder brother would offer in times of crisis.
We saw India’s President Shankar Dayal Sharma visiting our depleted one-bedroom house in the crowded Old Delhi offering condolences at the demise of his elder brother in the quietness of late-night and we also saw Inder Kumar Gujral, a powerful minister in the cabinet of Mrs. Indira Gandhi visiting our family when he was in prison during the emergency. We remember the times when Kuldip Nayar and other journalists would visit our house to have a discussion with him in the room while we were running around and we saw several prominent Muslim leaders and scholars sharing whatever food we had during long hours of discussion.
We grew up observing all this. I remember the day when I returned home shirtless and shoeless on a cold night, my mother asked me several questions. He was attentive to what I was saying. I told her that I had given my shirt and shoes to a person whom I found semi-naked in the streets of Delhi.
I saw his face light up and I still remember what he told me with a smiling face on that night: It sends goosebumps whenever I recollect that. He said; “this is the beginning of your understanding of Islam and the Quran.” I did not understand then how would giving a shirt and a shoe teaches me Islam and the Quran. Only when I learned to read the Quran with translation and then in the Arabic language, I realized what he had meant.
We learned Islam observing him. He never gave us long lectures on the importance of the Quran or Islam. He never recommended any specific books for us to develop our comprehension of the deen we were born in. We did not even have the money to buy the books published by his own organization and he would never ask for a free copy of any. But he taught us how to pray and how to read the Quran through personal example. We acquired our basic understanding of Islam and the Quran while imitating him.
Later on when we began to read what he was writing in Daily Dawat or had written in Daily Nadeem, a newspaper he was editing before moving to Delhi from Bhopal, his native town, we realized that he was probably writing his own journey to Islam because we had seen him walking that.
In his understanding of the deen, the dignity of human beings, regardless of their background was central. Islam’s essential message, as we discovered from his writings, is to create a community of believers that would not allow the weakest and the most vulnerable to suffer humiliation because of lack of means and resources. When his brother would tell him that it was impossible to change the world, his typical response was, “one has the capacity to change oneself.”
We discovered in his writings that he would advocate equality of human beings, regardless of gender or religious differences. All human beings are created by the will of Allah and all of them deserve a dignified existence.
We found out in his writings strong advocacy of the right to dissent in matters that are not already settled by the divine writ as explained by the Prophet. People would differ with him on many issues, but he would smilingly and politely conclude the conversation by saying “I hope you are right.” I never found him saying a disrespectful word against those who were against him.
We discovered in his writing acceptance of all genuine practices in Islam. We saw him visiting masjid of Shia community as well as the Bohra community and encouraging them to work with the Muslim community on broader issues to live a genuine Islam.
We also discovered in his writings the importance of modern education for expanding and explaining Islam’s basic message.
He wanted to see Muslims become an effective component of Indian society with full participation in all spheres of life permitted by Islam regardless. He advocated political participation, social welfare, academic excellence and unity of purpose within the Muslim community.
We saw him working long hours for helping Muslim organizations and groups thrashing out their differences and working for a common cause. People would come and talk about others in a hostile manner, and he would listen trying to persuade them to change their opinion of others. He would never repeat the assertions of people about each other. Rather, he would give a positive perspective on each organization and individuals.
We never saw him taking a day off from his work not even during his illness. He at one time was diagnosed with tuberculosis, but he continued to write his column even during the illness.
When he was active in organizing the Muslim Majlis-e-Mushawarat after the wave of bloody riots in different parts of India, he was accused by many including his friends to have compromised the position of his organization. Yet this did not change his relations with them. He was still their friend. Many of these people visited him at home and rebuked him of changing the nature of the work of his organization; he would patiently listen to them without defending himself personally.
He was not a scholar as he did not have big degrees attached to his name. He never went to an institute of higher learning. He did not memorize the entire Quran and he did not master any books of ahadith. But he knew how to respect knowledge. He lived it. He never sought any limelight for anything. He was an average person in terms of his educational skills as he had not gone beyond high school because of his family conditions. He had lost his parents when he was under the age of 4. He was raised by a friend of his grandfather. He studied Arabic, Persian, Urdu, English and Turkish from his grandfather. He never pretended to be a scholar. However, he used the knowledge that he gained from his basic understanding of the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet in an effective manner to the best advantage of his community and faith. He never hesitated to speak the truth, even if he was in the presence of a prime minister or anyone else.
His vision was simple. The Quran and the one who introduced the Quran to humanity are the sources to acquire basic traits of our character. Building character is a life long process and one should not wait until the perfection to start working for the ideals of the Quran. He devoted his life to this ideal. When he was part of the Khaksar movement, he was working for the same object and when he was part of the Jamat e Islami, his mission did not change.
He was a salaried employee of the Jamat-e-Islami’s newspaper Dawat. His request to all of his children was very simple: “give back every penny that I have earned as a salary from the organization.” So, after his death, one of our brothers took it upon himself to ensure that his request is lived. We know how happy our mother was when my brother returned home after returning the amount to the president of the organization.
I was in England working when I got the phone call from one of his friends about his demise. I had never thought that I would be away on that day because, during his long years of illness, I was the one who always had the honor of serving him in the hospital or home. When I called home, I was told by my younger brother that we did not have enough money to buy his shroud and buy the grave. We borrowed money to buy the shroud. The grave was given free by the in-charge of Dargah Shah Waliullah on the outskirts of Old Delhi. He left the world without complaints. He breathed his last on the prayer rug on which he had just concluded the early day prayer. There was not a single penny in his household on the day when he left this world. How rich he had left this world, we now realize.
He lived in a rented home with his wife and 11 children in a 10x10 room for 35 years without even thinking of buying a bigger home. He refused to move into a bigger home when his organization offered him that. We still rent the home. From the property that he had sold in his native home, he bought a piece of land in Delhi to be given to a person who was in need. He once was given a shop by his friend to run a bookstore in the most expensive area in Delhi, near the Jama Masjid. He gave this shop to the organization voluntarily because it was needed to distribute the literature.
He never complained about anything. He never talked about his financial conditions with anyone. But we often heard him apologizing to our mother for putting her through a life of hardship and challenges. We never heard him raise his voice in his home. We never heard him say anything hurtful to her or to us. We never saw him angry except on one occasion when I had asked him to use the influence of his friend in government to find me a position on the All India Radio. He told us to work for our own livelihood and not be dependent on his contacts to win any favors.
So, on July, 3, the day he passed away, I take the day off from everything else to spend time alone reflecting on his life and works quietly and reminding myself how deep his commitment was in the Quran and the messenger of Allah. We find him speaking to us in our imagination saying life and death of individuals do not alter the nature of the message of the Quran and the Prophet. “Do whatever you can, always raising the bars of work with sincerity and dedication without expecting any reward and you will leave this world rich and contented.”
May Allah inspire us to dedicate the life to the Quran and Sunnah the way he and many others before him and along with him lived.